The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World

This is definitely an interesting book and I learned a lot from it. But I suggest to look critically at it and not take it for granted as the truth. Ok, I m no philosopher, but I see that the author makes assumptions about humans and human society which just don't hold up. For example:"All evils are due to the lack of knowledge." Really? No, not all, far from it.Or the in the other chapter when it is stated that we always learn and absorb new ideas from conjecture and criticism. Again, seems like a big oversimplification. Yes, some ideas, in part, but our emotions, biases, psychological state play huge role i what we come to believe. And if the idea fits into what we value we would not criticize or test it before absorbing it. Maybe some people would, but most wouldn't.I understand that the author is a scientist and big proponent of Popper epistemology and that's how he looks at it. And that's how science and rational inquiry should work, even though I m sure even in science biases a psychology still play a big role. But I think the author is way too optimistic about the human nature.So, because I don't agree with the (some of) assumptions, the conclusions don't follow for me either. But I believe you can learn from a book even if you don't agree with the author and this book has a lot of value and touches a lot of different topics. So I recommend it, just be cautious and subject what the author says to criticism (as he recommends).

Deutch's chapter on mathematical proof are bizarre and ignorant of the basics of mathematical logic. Proofs are mathematical objects; whatever their ontological status, they are not physical objects.Deutch is famous for his obdurate and far-fetched espousal of multiverse theory. The theory itself is not scientific (there can be no evidence against it) and theoretically incoherent.Deutch's analysis of beauty is correct, I believe. But I thought of this many years ago and I am sure I am not the first.Deutch's memetic theory of culture is extremely superficial (he does not know the literature) and his observations on when ideal thrive and fail is simplistic and untenable.

Feeling starved of intellectual engagement? Is PBS failing to meet your craving for mental stimulation? Is your spouse tired of listening to your pontifications on the origins of the universe? Well, good news then: David Deutsch is here to provide relief. “The Beginning of Infinity” is a wide-ranging book of ideas. Hard to pin down precisely, It offers a sampling of what I’d call “1 o’clock discussions.” You know the ones; they happen after the party guests have departed and only you and your best friend remain behind, staring at the ceiling, chatting as you finish the last drinks of the night.Deutsch, equal parts physicist (his actual day job) and philosopher, creates a carefully constructed argument designed to prove that there are no theoretical limits on human knowledge. Can we stop the aging process? Given enough knowledge, sure. After all, the complexity of the problem is finite, and the biological processes underlying the aging process are relatively well understood. Given enough time and resources for the necessary research, there’s no reason that humans can’t prevent aging from occurring. (The practical implications of such an outcome would be fascinating, but that’s not the focus of the book.) Basically, Deutsch argues that any physical process that is not precluded by laws of nature (like traveling faster than the speed of light, for example) is achievable given sufficient knowledge and that if we don’t have that knowledge right now, we can obtain it.The foundation of his proof rests on two basic truisms: that in any endeavor problems are inevitable, and that all problems are soluble given sufficient knowledge.One of the many meanings of “infinity” (which he carefully lays out at the end of each chapter’s summary) is that there are no limits on what can be known. He says that suggesting that there are “bounds on the domains in which reason is the proper arbiter of ideas is a belief in unreason or the supernatural.” He buttresses his argument by offering a brief tour of history and The Enlightenment. Western civilization of the Pre-enlightenment remained stagnant during the Dark Ages specifically because organized authority squelched free inquiry and the creation of original conjectures which could be tested to conclusively rule out false ideas. Deutsch says that it is only through the creation of original conjectures that knowledge can be expanded. All assertions must be tested, and proof sought. Whatever is true withstands any degree of testing that one can muster, while that which is false crumbles. With the Enlightenment, explanatory knowledge became the most important determinant of physical events, not superstition or human authority. Once that occurred, the curve of charted knowledge growth became steep indeed with no end in sight.Accepting that humans have the theoretical power to become infinitely knowledgable, doesn’t mean that getting there is easy. Here, Deutsch delves into his theories of “optimism.” Continuing to pursue knowledge through the solution of problems is fundamentally an exercise in optimism. We believe that a solutions exist, even if we haven’t yet found them. If we try to improve things and fail it's because we did not know enough in time. Civilizations that have collapsed did so because they had insufficient knowledge of how to save themselves or they ran out of time before a solution could be found. The inhabitants of Easter Island are highlighted as an example as well as (somewhat controversially) our own current predicament as a civilization faced with the challenge of dramatic climate change. Deutsch suggests that climate change is simply another example of a problem that needs sufficient knowledge with which to devise a solution.Arguments like this can cause Deutsch to come across as cold and rational to a fault. While it’s hard to argue with the logic of his carefully constructed propositions, it can leave one searching for a little humanity behind the words. In this regard, “The Beginning of Infinity” can sometimes feel less like a late night conversation with a buddy and more like a lecture from Mr. Spock.But, just as that begins to happen, he manages to branch off into another fascinating exploration of Ideas writ large, covering topics such as quantum mechanics, the Multiverse, the mathematical impossibility of truly representational government, memes, beauty, creativity, sustainability, artificial intelligence, and the concept of mathematical infinity. Each one of these explorations is tied to the basic premise of the infinite expansion of knowledge, though some less successfully than others. For example, his exploration of beauty is completely devoid of the ineffable emotions that most of us associate with that quality. This is perhaps one of the only realms where logic has less to offer than unjustifiable irrationality.While not all of these topics hold together as a completely coherent whole, each is utterly fascinating in its own way (particularly his exploration of the multiverse, a concept so foreign to human experience, that the chapter calls for repeated readings to promote comprehension). Everything is so carefully laid out that you’re likely to be persuaded of Deutsch’s position that given enough time, there’s nothing that we can’t learn and that there are no problems which are insoluble. Overall, this book is a great source of brain food for anyone looking to sharpen their mental acuity, step out of the ordinary, and go for a walk with a brilliant mind.

I heard David Deutsch speak in London about 30 years ago on Quantum Computing, and found the concept interesting, but at the end of the day, one of these things that hyper-intelligent academics like to play around with, speculatively, but clearly utterly impractical. Whoops.I loved this book. Parts of it -- the sections on ethics and aesthetics --are, I think, more in the area of his personal preferences. But his explanations about issues in philosophy and especially philosophy of science (empiricism, induction, Karl Popper) are wonderfully clarifying. And I love his view about human progress and rationality, something we're hearing too little of today.

David Deutsch's eminently readable tract is a fundamental contribution to the theory of the Enlightenment. Deutsch's book is the best, well-argued, crystal clear case for optimism about humanity's future. Brimming with intriguing and counter-intuitive insights about the relationship between the growth of scientific knowledge, the cosmos and our prospects.Progress is potentially an infinite path and therefore, no matter how far we have enriched human lives, there will always be an infinite path of future improvement open to us. That's worth repeating. No matter how magnificent humanity has become in the future, it has only just started. How refreshing is that compared to today's shrill calls of anxiety and clamour for action based on the unexamined presumption that states have a magic wand solution? But we have to take those steps along that path. It's up to us whether, for example, we invent better quantum computers or new sources of energy, or indeed use the inventions we already have, such as the thorium-reactor. Advance is not automatic.It is also our responsibility to refrain from tampering with the free competition of ideas, especially scientific theories. For all scientific progress depends on breaks with consensus, not its consolidation. If one day all scientists agreed that "science is settled", science would die the same day. (Perhaps inadvertently, many have flouted that truth by restricting free speech.) It was this Darwinian-like, ruthless competition within science for new explanatory theories that are "hard-to-vary" that made possible our emergence from a merely self-perpetuating type of civilisation, typical of all past —and now extinct—civilisations.In publishing this book, David Deutsch has eased and made more secure our steps along the path of infinite progress.

Completely changed my understanding of Knowledge, our place in the Universe and many other topics. A truly magnificent book. I really took my time reading this book because it is not a superficial read, it is an incredibly dense yet thorough analysis of so many aspects of science, morality and knowledge that to rush through it would have meant losing the deep meanings of so many aspects of the beginning of infinity. I feel privileged to have found this book amongst so much lightweight regurgitations that pass for science literature these days. In my humble opinion this book far exceeds 'The fabric of the Universe' that I have read previously from this author. A must read book that will change the way you think forever. What more could you ask from a single book? Can not praise this author enough for this beautifully written book. Thank you.

This book will definitely make your head hurt, but in a good way!Every chapters a tour de force, to many to cover here, but for example, the one on quantum mechanics, the multiverse and the concept of fungibility is the best description of the particle/wave duality I've read. Or why do humans find flowers beautiful, I mean we're not bees.Anyway a fantastic positive book about our place in the world. Read it and be wise.

The book is worthwhile and challenging, but not without flaws. The main premise is that human progress has been driven by the quest for good explanations, and the author makes his case by looking across a very wide range of endeavours and pursuits. Where he sticks to this task, many of the arguments are very powerful, and I found myself convinced, for example by chapters on `the evolution of creativity' and `sustainability'. I should confess at this point that I had been hoping to read an update and broadening of the author's earlier book, `The Fabric of Reality', and the few chapters which might have fitted into such a work, I also found satisfying.However, the author ranges very broadly, and the chapters, hardly related to the main premise, had a generally negative impact on me. For example, he includes a chapter on choice concerning voting systems, which I thought irrelevant to the main thrust of the book, and uniquely for the author, it did not seem to have been thought through; he appears to put forward the argument prevalent before the Great Reform Act that it did not matter how MPs were chosen as long as they formed a body capable of weighing the matters before them. In addition, Professor Deutsch has given space to attacks on those who hold to different beliefs and philosophies to himself, such as empiricists, instrumentalists, and those of religious belief. I would be on his side in at least some of these cases, but the problem is that he is only able to make his views known forcefully, but cannot possibly present the fully developed arguments that characterise the rest of the book. The effect of what I have to call digressions, together with the 25 page dialogue with Socrates, is to make the book significantly longer than it might have been. To do justice to it, I found myself reading one or two chapters at a time so I read it over a time span of 3 weeks. As a result of this and what I found a slightly haphazard ordering of the chapters, I found myself referring back far more often than normal. I think that with tighter editing, the book could have been shortened by close to a third, reducing my problems significantly, and I really hope that this is done for some future edition.